Notes on the topic of ecology No. 1
The urbanization of Europe
In the microbiosphere of cities, human life is also far from perfect. We would like to see our cities beautiful, green, healthy and welcoming. And we live in ugly, concrete-filled, dirty and aggressive anthills. And yet there is nothing fatal in the current situation. We simply must and will be able to change our cities, because tomorrow we can all become citizens. Indeed, if the outflow of population from the countryside cannot be stopped, by 2020 eight out of ten French people will live in cities. Every year, 150,000 French villagers leave their farms, farms, and villages for the city. Urbanization has spread to all countries. There are currently 160 urban agglomerations in the world with over a million inhabitants. Cities have stretched out tentacles towards each other and, sometimes covering hundreds of kilometers, merge, such as Los Angeles and San Francisco. In the United States of America, freeways, airfields, parking lots, and expanding cities are consuming two hectares of land every minute. But when this urban explosion is driven by greed rather than concern for human well-being, monotonous concrete boxes randomly fill the entire space. In Hamburg and Milan, Marseille and Detroit, standard building rectangles sprout like mushrooms at the behest of construction contractors. The French Cote d'Azur and the Italian Riviera will soon merge into a continuous long street. For 70 kilometers separating the French border from Genoa, there is no longer a single kilometer of undeveloped beach.
Mining of ore
If scientists urge us to use our natural resources more economically, this does not mean that the planet's mineral reserves are exhausted. In many countries, deposits are being developed only with a high content of metals in the ore, that is, economically profitable. But is monetary profit the only incentive for human activity? New, advanced methods of processing raw materials allow the use of ores with a low metal content. In 1925, copper ore containing at least 2.1% copper was considered suitable for exploitation. By 1971, the acceptable percentage of the minimum metal content had dropped to 0.6%. French geologist Claude Guillemin points out that between 1925 and 1971, the volume of proven copper ore reserves increased from "60 million tons of ore with a 2% copper content to 600 million tons of ore with a 0.6% content of this metal." Despite the increase in copper consumption around the globe, we are potentially richer now than we were 50 years ago. How can we deny science when it is thanks to artificial Earth satellites and bathyscaphes diving to a depth of 10,000 meters that we can add to the list of our natural resources today? The so-called "nodules" are hidden at the bottom of the oceans&", small dark balls, sometimes including up to 50% manganese, nickel or cobalt. According to experts, in the future we will have to mine many thousands of millions of tons of such nodules containing a wide variety of minerals. Plants of the future will be able to replace some of the non-renewable raw materials with materials obtained, for example, from organic matter. Already, a substance with the properties of bronze is being made from lignin, an integral part of wood. The real wealth of the Earth is the work of its people. Welcome bonuses remain one of the most popular features among new users because they allow players to begin with a larger balance and greater flexibility. Such offers are usually available only once and must be activated at sign-up. By submitting a 1xbet free promo code during registration, the player may receive a 100% bonus up to €130, giving them extra funds to explore betting or gaming options.
In the microbiosphere of cities, human life is also far from perfect. We would like to see our cities beautiful, green, healthy and welcoming. And we live in ugly, concrete-filled, dirty and aggressive anthills. And yet there is nothing fatal in the current situation. We simply must and will be able to change our cities, because tomorrow we can all become citizens. Indeed, if the outflow of population from the countryside cannot be stopped, by 2020 eight out of ten French people will live in cities. Every year, 150,000 French villagers leave their farms, farms, and villages for the city. Urbanization has spread to all countries. There are currently 160 urban agglomerations in the world with over a million inhabitants. Cities have stretched out tentacles towards each other and, sometimes covering hundreds of kilometers, merge, such as Los Angeles and San Francisco. In the United States of America, freeways, airfields, parking lots, and expanding cities are consuming two hectares of land every minute. But when this urban explosion is driven by greed rather than concern for human well-being, monotonous concrete boxes randomly fill the entire space. In Hamburg and Milan, Marseille and Detroit, standard building rectangles sprout like mushrooms at the behest of construction contractors. The French Cote d'Azur and the Italian Riviera will soon merge into a continuous long street. For 70 kilometers separating the French border from Genoa, there is no longer a single kilometer of undeveloped beach.
Mining of ore
If scientists urge us to use our natural resources more economically, this does not mean that the planet's mineral reserves are exhausted. In many countries, deposits are being developed only with a high content of metals in the ore, that is, economically profitable. But is monetary profit the only incentive for human activity? New, advanced methods of processing raw materials allow the use of ores with a low metal content. In 1925, copper ore containing at least 2.1% copper was considered suitable for exploitation. By 1971, the acceptable percentage of the minimum metal content had dropped to 0.6%. French geologist Claude Guillemin points out that between 1925 and 1971, the volume of proven copper ore reserves increased from "60 million tons of ore with a 2% copper content to 600 million tons of ore with a 0.6% content of this metal." Despite the increase in copper consumption around the globe, we are potentially richer now than we were 50 years ago. How can we deny science when it is thanks to artificial Earth satellites and bathyscaphes diving to a depth of 10,000 meters that we can add to the list of our natural resources today? The so-called "nodules" are hidden at the bottom of the oceans&", small dark balls, sometimes including up to 50% manganese, nickel or cobalt. According to experts, in the future we will have to mine many thousands of millions of tons of such nodules containing a wide variety of minerals. Plants of the future will be able to replace some of the non-renewable raw materials with materials obtained, for example, from organic matter. Already, a substance with the properties of bronze is being made from lignin, an integral part of wood. The real wealth of the Earth is the work of its people. Welcome bonuses remain one of the most popular features among new users because they allow players to begin with a larger balance and greater flexibility. Such offers are usually available only once and must be activated at sign-up. By submitting a 1xbet free promo code during registration, the player may receive a 100% bonus up to €130, giving them extra funds to explore betting or gaming options.